Water-solubility quenchs the recipe of fluid introduces

4-1.

5 between; (2) sodium nitrate of 2 saltpetre solution 31.

2% , inferior sodium nitrate 20.

8% , use opposite density to should be controlled in 0.

36-1.

41 between. Advantage: In high temperature area (650-550 ℃ ) , because the existence of salt of many nitric acid meets those who destroy vapour film,be formed and stability, refrigerative speed approachs water. In microtherm area (300-200 ℃ ) , because solution concentration is high, viscosity is big, fluidity is poor, convection rate is slow, refrigerative speed is close to oil again. 3 saltpetre solution and saturated chloridize calcic solution are similar, quench hardness is tall, hard layer of temper by dipping in water is deep, be out of shape small, not easy craze. Quench a rust-preventing characteristic is good, cooling character uprights between water and oil, the cooling rate below high temperature is 3 times rapidder than oil, microtherm issues 1 times what be oil, but still compare water slow. Defect: The price is a lot of higher than chloridize calcium, inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous, give birth to carcinogen easily. Utility: Be used at medium carbon steel, high-carbon steel, low alloy and cast of ball Chinese ink quench, the water of steel of replaceable still carbon - oily double fluid quenchs. Effective ply is less than 45 steel or be equal to 40mm. The alloy steel with some simple appearance [40Cr, 65Mn, the) after 20Cr(cementite, GCr15] workpiece also can be used. Note: Should notice inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous, and have the effect that cause cancer, should convert avirulent antirust. Use temperature is 30-60 ℃ . Rise when temperature to 100 ℃ when, cooling power can drop, can soft spots appears. 5) chloridize zinc - aqueous solution of hydrogenous oxidation natrium (shining quenching medium) : Medium composition: Chloridize zinc 12.

25% , oxyhydrogen changes sodium 12.

25% , soap 0.

5% , water 75% . Function: Chloridize zinc and hydrogenous oxidation natrium react, generate hydrogenous zinc oxide, show ivory, high temperature area cooling rate is rapidder than water, microtherm area cooling rate is slower than water. Advantage: Quench a hardness is tall, be out of shape small, not easy craze, exterior brightness. Utility: Of the work that is used at the industry pattern with the mixed appearance such as carbolic steel and steel of carbolic element tool quench, replaceable water - oily double fluid quenchs. Note: Before wanting to notice to quench, want beforehand first mix is even, with it is better to compress air agitate, working temperature should be controlled between 20-60 ℃ . 6) water glass (siliceous natrium) aqueous solution: Medium composition: Solution of single water glass, modulus M=SiO2/Na20=2.

4, opposite density 1.

091-1.

125 (12-16 Baume degrees (Bc) ) (usable and siliceous Potassium replaces siliceous natrium) . Function: (1) leaf spring of 60SiMn steel car quenchs below 840 ℃ , issue temper in 460 ℃ next, ℃ of 60-70 of medium job temperature. With the leaf spring that the solution of 16 Baume degrees handles, fatigue life can compare oil hardening (life 400 thousand) rise 6.

7-10 times (can amount to 4 million times) . (2) 114 quenching medium: It is in density 1.

10-1.

In the water glass aqueous solution of 12g/cm3, add NaOH to make opposite density is adjusted to 1.

14, its advantage is to be able to be reduced be out of shape, avoid craze. (3) 351 quenching medium: Water glass (SiO2 rub Er is counted / Na2O rub Er counts =2.

4, baume degrees 56) 19.

1% , naOH1.

1% , sodium chloride 12.

6% , potassium chloride 12.

6% , be helpful for preventing solution to have chemical change. Water glass cooling power is between water and oil. In microtherm area (300 - 200 ℃ ) water glass can be all round the job form film of a tenacity, so cooling rate is reduced apparently. Its cooling rate is adjustable, can use as quenching oil substitute. Defect: Workpiece surface can adhere to natrium of glue shape silicon acid, clean hard. Its workpiece surface has corrode action. Utility: (1) those who be used at leaf spring of 60SiMn steel car quench. (2) use at appearance of the carbolic steel workpiece of complex, bad distribution quench (3) quench with what wait at bearing steel. (4) the work that is used at large quantities of quantities to need to use oil hardening, can use as fat substitute. 7) sodium carbonate aqueous solution: Medium composition: (1) aqueous solution of low density sodium carbonate; (2) aqueous solution of 15-20% sodium carbonate. Function: (1) function and utility and sodium chloride aqueous solution are the same as, but its quench effective ply is its 1/3 only; (2) the bearing steel that applies to effective ply to be more than 25mm. Utility: Workpiece surface is more bright and clean. Note: Working temperature should not exceed 60 ℃ . 3, organic aqueous solution: 1) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution (abbreviation 73 synthesis quenching medium) : Medium composition: Best can use degree of polymerization for 1750, alcoholysis is spent for the polyvinyl alcohol of 88% . Aqueous solution chroma is 10% , add antirust, antiseptic, anti-foaming agent waits, it is the organic aqueous solution with our country the oldest dosage quenchs medium, its composition is: Polyvinyl alcohol 10% , 3 alcohol amine 1% , inferior sodium nitrate 1% , benzoic acid natrium 0.

4% , sulphonating castor oil 0.

02% , water 87.

58% . Function: Water dilute can be added when using, for example but dilute arrives contain polyvinyl alcohol 0.

1-0.

3% . The chroma when winter is used should compare the summer tallish, carbolic steel should be compared when be being used at alloy steel tallish. Advantage: It belongs to film model quench medium, in refrigeration the first phase, quench the agglutinant film that is formed by alcohol of You Juyi Xi outside film surrounds an exterior vapour, prolong the duration of vapour film consequently, cooling rate is slow. After entering boiling phase, agglutinant film burst, cooling rate should be accelerated apparently. Come when thermal drop microtherm zone time, agglutinant film can form polyvinyl alcohol afresh again, refrigerative rate falls, this is helpful for preventing workpiece craze and be out of shape. Accordingly, it is in high temperature area cooling rate and water are approximate, but microtherm area is slower than water. Defect: Because be in use process,control, its cool performance change is so big. It is easy mildewy smell. After solution is frozen again when melt, viscosity can drop, cool performance can become poor, when the induction quenchs, the polyvinyl alcohol of separate out can jam the induction encircles blowhole. At present abroad already out of service. Utility: The carbon in can be being used at medium carbon steel to reach the whole of low-alloy steel quenchs, for example 45 steel, 40Cr steel, 40MnB steel, of the workpiece such as 42CrMn steel quench. Note: Inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous, can produce carcinogenic substance again, should convert other is avirulent antirust. ℃ of use temperature 25-45. 2) get together glycol: Medium composition: When the induction quenchs, optimal chroma is 5-10% , 15-20% is when whole quenchs. Advantage: It belongs to film model quench medium, can prevent to quench a craze. Forms filmy Yi Qing is washed. Defect: Be inferior to getting together on function ether quench medium, reason is Euramerican did not use all the time. Note: In using, must mix to medium chroma temperature undertakes controlling. 3) polyamide gets together glycol (PAM) aqueous solution: Medium composition: Make by acyl amine and glycol copolymerization. Function: Stability compares other organic polymer quenchs medium is good, when use chroma exceeds 15% , temper by dipping in water cracks odds to be able to decrease apparently. Utility: Can use at quenching directly, forging more than heat quenchs and inductive eject quenchs, special be used at large work quench. 4) get together ether (PAG) aqueous solution: Medium composition: Make by the random copolymer of annulus oxygen ethane and annulus oxygen propane, the molecular quantity of the bases in commonly used breed is about 13000, the United States has UCONA, b, c, HT, AQ251, 252, 364, 365 wait, russia has ZSP1, 2, 3. Advantage: When temperature is elevatory, get together ether solubility can drop instead, and even from the separate out in water (this is called the sex that go against dissolve) . Get together ether aqueous solution leaves even and transparent solution in normal temperature, when temperature rises to cloud point, solution from transparent turn into muddy. When temperature continues to rise to go against melting point, get together the line of ether macromolecule is met from the separate out in water, completely as detached as water. Ether chroma should get together to be less than in solution 5% when, when quenching, be in of separate out of high temperature area get together ether, infiltration effect can have in workpiece surface, make vapour film be destroyed more quickly, because this gets together,the cooling power of ether is close to at NaCl or alkaline aqueous solution. Should get together when ether chroma increases, in quench deposit film can be formed in workpiece surface in the process, having the effect of thermal insulation, refrigerative rate falls. The ply of deposit film depends on get together ether chroma. Because this gets together,the cooling rate of ether solution can adjust. The existence of deposit film makes come loose heat is evener, can eliminate soft spots thereby, reduce the internal stress of workpiece, prevent workpiece to be out of shape. Should quench temperature drops to go against when melting point is the following, already of separate out get together ether is met again new dissolve at water. Get together the thermal stability of ether is good, can use for a long time. 13-14 can be used in the United States year. Get together ether is avirulent, social effects of pollution is little, yi Qing of the workpiece after quenching is washed. Defect: The price is too expensive. Utility: Ether getting together on alive bound is to apply a the widest kind organic quench fluid, can use at the aluminium alloy of all sorts of car work and aviation industry and titanium alloy, of alloy steel forging die quench, induction of crankshaft of big torsion diesel engine heats quench etc. It is used at high frequency surface to quench normally, its chroma is 1-2% . If use the chroma of 5% , but refrigerative evener, avoid the soft spots that often arises when water temper by dipping in water. If use the chroma of 10-20% , can accelerate cooling rate, apply to steel of low oil bad temper quench, if use the chroma of 20-30% , applicably Yu Gang whole and surface quench. Note: Working temperature is 35-50 ℃ commonly. Aluminium alloy is 25 ℃ the following. But big sectional high temper by dipping in water appears sexual alloy steel to need Gao Yuwen, gao Nong is spent, in order to avoid the stress with workpiece adverse generation; Certain steel (for example AISI5160) working temperature is 70 ℃ . 5) polypropylene acerbity natrium (SPA) aqueous solution: Medium composition: (1) normally acrylic natrium mixes polypropylene - sodium presses methylic acrylic acid 1: 1 scale mixes and become, it is 80 time those who appear quench medium; (2) the PAS-3 water-solubility of our country quenchs medium, with polypropylene acid salt is bases; (3) organic ability in swimming of our country TZQ quenchs medium, bases is the polymer of acrylic ramification, content is 27% (heavy) , in addition still contain additive 0.

63% . Function: (1) cooling curve is straight almost, time of vapour film phase is very long, cooling rate is slow, medicinal powder heat is even, this quenchs to be not Martens and high temper by dipping in water appears a gender, quench fissile steel workpiece is advantageous, can have the effect of normalizing, can avoid to quench an exterior decarbonization and oxidation. Heat treatment qualitative processing of mechanical function and attune is identical, still have very good treatment property at the same time. Because cancelled temper working procedure, simplified craft, OK and managing the sources of energy, reduce cost. It is replaceable bath of oil bath, salt or plumbic bath, be used at easy craze workpiece quench. (2) after undertaking quenching with PAS-3, the exterior hardness of workpiece and core hardness all can accord with national level, metallographic organization and quenching oil are identical, all be 4 class. Fatigue test result and be close to relatively with oil hardening with system of bad news of N15 date total loss. (3) the cool performance of TZQ and PAS-3 are different, vapour film phase is short, cooling rate of high temperature region is rapidder, this quenchs to what low oil appears sexual rolled steel advantageous. Utility: Can use at car forging to quench, the solution of chroma 5-10% can use at alloy steel quench. The solution of 10-20% can use at stainless steel quench. 15-25% solution can be used at high-speed steel to quench. After PAS-3 can be used at cementite of steel of 20Cr of tractor piston pin, quench and microtherm temper. 6) polypropylene acyl amine (PAM) aqueous solution: Medium composition: PAM element quantity is in 1.5 million above, have two kinds of aqueous solution: Quantity of element of an aqueous solution is 2.5 million above, quantity of element of 2 aqueous solution is 150-250 10 thousand, effective content is 7% , but complete dissolve Yu Shuizhong. Still have the PAM product of solid in addition, molecular quantity is 300-500 each 10 thousand with 500-700 10 thousand, antirust antiseptic is joined even in aqueous solution. Function: Add in aqueous solution have inferior sodium nitrate, divide outside having antirust effect, still have the effect that destroys film, rise thereby quench the cooling rate of critical area, improvement quenchs condition (but inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous) . Before Russia the crankshaft of the carring capacity car of some car plant (axial diameter 100mm) , used oily oil in the past, to raise temper by dipping in water to appear the gender is mixed later prevent craze, employ 1-2%PAN+NaCL aqueous solution, quench rear axle OK and all temper by dipping in water shows way, after temper of classics high temperature, the mechanical function of core and surface agrees basically, fatigue intensity limit should compare tower above of oily temper by dipping in water 25% , economic benefits is good. Note: Inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous, can produce carcinogenic substance again, should convert other is avirulent antirust. 7) lignin sulphonate: Medium composition: It is waste liquid of pulp of paper mill sulphurous acid offer thing, normally use chroma is 5-15% , sodium carbonate can be joined to adjust in solution. Function: Avirulent, cost is low (the 1/160-1/240 that is quenching oil only) , increase as its chroma, the time of vapour film phase can be lengthened, cooling rate can be reduced. Wooden element sulphonate can by adsorption at metallic surface, form colloid film, refrigerative speed is reduced apparently. Defect: Become moldy easily, bring about metamorphism to decompose thereby, the influence quenchs quality. It still has bad taste. 8) water-solubility of XL- chloridize zinc quenchs medium: Medium composition: XL basically is the ramification of alkyl benzene, have very tall fight oxidisability and thermal stability, it is Brown and ropy liquid, opposite density is 1.

5, dissolve is true solution after water is medium, can wait with chloridize zinc cooperate to use (add other salt kind the effect is inferior to chloridize zinc) . Function: Chloridize zinc can rise in working surface destroy vapour film effect, raise the characteristic temperature of medium, shorten the time of vapour film phase, rise quench the cooling rate of critical area, in boiling phase later period, because the addition of viscosity is mixed,be in ceaselessly the deposit that quenchs workpiece surface arises, slow down hot conduction, bring down cooling rate, can reduce consequently quench an internal stress, prevent craze, reduce deflection. Utility: Can use at 45 steel, GCr15 steel quench. 9) 511 water-solubility quench medium: Medium composition: With high polymer organic polymer is given priority to, add have quench cooling rate of high temperature region adjusts an agent, OK and aleatoric scale and dissolve of water each other, cooling rate can be adjusted. Function: Avirulent, insipidity, antirust performance is good, bubble is little, anti-corrosive properties is good, after quenching, heat treatment hardness and metallographic organization are eligible. Utility: Can use at inductive eject to quench, carbolic steel, the integral dip temper by dipping in water of alloy structure steel and bearing steel. 10) polyethylene base pyrrole alkyl ketone (PVP) aqueous solution: Medium composition: Become by N- vinyl and polymerization of pyrrole alkyl ketone, the element is measured 50 thousand - 360 thousand (optimal for 100 thousand - 200 thousand) , the different fraction that measures according to the element is 4 brands, still join 15% the following antirust normally (inferior sodium nitrate, borax with 3% the following antiseptic) . Function: Have very strong prevent temper by dipping in water to crack ability, can use below inferior chroma, have certain disappear bubble, antirust property. Defect: In use, molecular catenary ruptures easily, make molecular quantity is reduced, the influence quenchs quality, reason was not used extensively. Utility: Can use at whole to quench directly, forging more than heat quenchs reach an induction to quench, use temperature is wider (30 ℃ - near boiling point) . Note: Inferior sodium nitrate is poisonous, can produce carcinogenic substance again, should convert other is avirulent antirust. 11) aqueous solution of 3 alcohol amine: Medium composition: Water-solubility is good, but direct dissolve Yu Shuizhong. Quench chroma is 5-8% normally. Function: Between Yushui of cooling power interpose and oil, in microtherm area, refrigeration still has been disrelished fast; It is when chroma 12% when, cooling rate can be decelerated significantly. Quench workpiece rusts not easily, use at saline bath to heat chemistry won't have with inorganic salt when quenching. Defect: Disappear energy consumption is bigger, the price is higher, the meeting when quenching produces choke person gas. Utility: Can use at medium carbon steel to quench. Note: ℃ of use temperature 20-55. 12) emulsification oil hardening fluid: Medium composition: Use a few water first (40 ℃ are controlled) deliquescent emulsification is oily, add water dilute to asks chroma 10-15% again below room temperature next. 69-1 emulsification quenching oil can deserve to be used into the aqueous solution of 1-5% . Function: Emulsification oil is joined after water is medium, but refrigerative rate falls, make the stability of vapour film rises, boil level is transferred to microtherm area. The emulsification with the better quality such as 69-1 quenchs fluid deteriorates not easily smell, service life is longer, rust-preventing characteristic is good. Utility: Can use at induction of medium carbon steel to heat quench. Note: Use temperature is 20-45 ℃ . CNC Milling CNC Machining